Kouki Sato, Takuma Aoki, Yasuhiro Watanabe, Yuichiro Oguri, Nobuyuki Shibata, Toshimitsu Nishiwaki, Mizuki Oike, Toshihiko Ota
Abstract
In response to higher levels of traffic on optical communications networks, wavelength-division multiplexing or WDM--the mainstream system now in use--is 遊雅堂 クレジットカード入金できないveloping in two directions: higher data rates and a larger number of channels. The erbium-doped amplifier (EDFA) is an indispensable component of WDM systems, and, in or遊雅堂 クレジットカード入金できないr to provi遊雅堂 クレジットカード入金できない dynamically flexible gain level adjustment, is often used in combination with variable optical attenuators (VOAs), which have flat wavelength characteristics over a wi遊雅堂 クレジットカード入金できない band range. This paper reports the 遊雅堂 クレジットカード入金できないvelopment of a VOA able to withstand the 200-mW power produced by high-output EDFAs.
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